Seperate piece essays

Seperate piece papers In the story A Separate Peace, John Knowles made the universe of The Devon School. The story is set in a live-in school during World War II in New England. Two companions, Gene and Finny, get familiar with the clouded side of youth, which changes their perspectives until the end of time. The accompanying paper will clarify the connection between the two principle characters, Gene and Finny. Quality, the storyteller of the novel A Separate Peace was an understudy at Devon during the early long stretches of World War II. He was known as a diligent employee and had phenomenal scholarly aptitudes. In spite of the fact that Gene seems, by all accounts, to be a guiltless and legitimate individual, underneath that surface is a clouded side that uncovers itself. The mishap that happened at Devon in the late spring of 1942 gives Gene the sentiments of disappointment, forswearing, and dread. Which ousts his reality and honesty. Phineas, otherwise called Finny was Genes closest companion and flat mate. He is a challenging competitor and a troublemaker who never will in general comply with set principles. However, he is acceptable on a fundamental level and with his appeal, he can prevail upon individuals. Sadly, everything is changed after Finny drops out of a tree, which was brought about by Gene. His correct leg gets broke. In this way, Gene takes over Finnys old spot and turns into a great competitor. Devon was a young men life experience school set during the early long periods of World War II. It was known as the most delightful School in New England. There, Gene and Finny develop close and become closest companions. However, the two of them live trying to claim ignorance, yet of various kinds. Quality attempts his best to deny that he had harmed Finny. Moreover, Finny persuades himself that Gene had nothing to do with the mishap. He likewise precludes the presence from securing the war itself, accepting that it is a joke. A Separate Peace is an extraordinary novel that educates about the battles of puberty. The accompanying article clarifies the two primary characters, Gene and Finny. To start with, the story is release ... <!

Citizenship and Communication

Question: Compose an exposition on the politiscram. Answer: The presentation layout and accomplishment of the game: The exposition incorporates a point by point investigation of the game called politiscram. This game is a tabletop game which I directed and it begins with turning of the bones. The game incorporates steps like: set up-every player would pick a symbol and procedure the game in a law based way, how to win-conquering different social and law based strategies; cards-getting the shades of the containers and the cards as a matter of course and keep up the situation in the game; clear spaces-accomplishment of nothing; valid and bogus test as far as anyone is concerned. Various elements including are: Active Citizenship, Politics, Social Media, Collaboration, and so forth. (Lieberman et al. 2014). Representation of the hypotheses: This game was developed with the qualities and the delicacy of the general public. It has extraordinary associations with the governmental issues and the general public. The principle factor which I remembered is the combative governmental issues of Australia. The supported fights; half breed relations with different associations; and customized open commitment; and so on. The game I centered to relate with the political parts of Australia also. The game likewise comprises with the Critiquing Australian legislative issues alongside the harmony developments, against governmental issues development, etc. The illustrative variables of the game help the vote based and the crucial components of the nation and the great political angles to build the information on the players (Stewart et al. 2012). Job in the game: At first, the game which I made incorporates a shakers which is spine by the players, and the player who scores the most noteworthy will persuade the chance to be the first to begin with the game. As the game proceeds with the player would find the opportunity to play the shakers in a rotational way. The board is implemented with the name of a government official and on the off chance that you land on a legislator you would increase 5 focuses. One legislator can be catch multiple times then the lawmaker gets the opportunity to put in the slammer. This will give 10 focuses to the player. Likewise if the culprits are put behind the bars the players will pick up with 1 point and 3 focuses separately. On the off chance that criminal record is captured for in excess of multiple times the players will be deducted with 20 focuses. The standards are supported in like manner. My job in the game was to spread acceptable legislative issues and give information about the political part of Austra lia and give a short depiction and show of the majority rule government and the essential properties of the nation. Assume control over arrangement with the circumstance with delicacy. Government officials have the sole obligation to keep up dignity to the general public. In this manner the game would comprise with the reality of dynamic resident, obeying rules, and perfect open circles (Tufekci et al. 2012). This game expressly displays the connection between the general public and the administration, and how the legislature ought to speak to a perfect open circle. It additionally includes the popular feeling, open utilization of reason, and complex lineage in regards to the moving implications of the socio chronicled and different battles of the general public. Synergistic procedure: Every single player has taken an interest truly just as essentially with the vehicle of facebook, and the gathered in a community oriented and helpful premise. In this way it upgrades the main consideration and commencement of the game. The errand got similarly circulated among all. The inquiries engaged with the cards helped the players to impart information to everybody. It is difficult to keep up a collective and grasped factor for the game. Be that as it may, I made a decent attempt to include a synergistic solidarity all through the game procedure. To keep up a shared fun workshop I included different factors, for example, improvement of meeting with each completed undertaking; dynamic interest and discussion to build up a join bunch thoughts and activities; participation and giving backings to different players of the game; and in conclusion the upkeep of the planned job for the fulfillment of the game methodologies, and so forth. The cooperative procedures incorporate assessme nt of the game example and use of the center idea of the game. The players played out the game such that every ha to rely upon the conversation and the appropriate responses of different players. The essential factor for the game is the association of the politic vocation, in this way, named as politiscrame. This game expressly displays the connection between the general public and the legislature, and how the administration ought to speak to a perfect open circle. The most great piece of the game incorporates the information on the legislative issues and the other social societies (Berland et al. 2012). Subtleties and the elements of the game itself: The focal topic depended on the acknowledgment with digital assaults on the globa approval of governments and associations. It incorporates the elements of the exhibit of the intensity of new media, and furthermore about the American food blogger vani hani. The variables additionally incorporates with the language of double dealing. The point by point factor likewise talks about the social and political developments which empower the cooperations of the individuals and the sole duties of the legislators for the advancement of the general public. These government officials where overstep laws, produce a negative impression to the general public, and thusly influences the laws structures of the general public in a negative manner (Tufekci et al. 2012). Reflects: The game got end up before the time true to form. We may have had more hues to the board which will build the range of the game and furthermore help the players to go at a profundity. The game comprises with just popular government and legislative issues of Australia. Subsequently if a few players were from out Australia and outside players would have tough time to comprehend and play the game. Accordingly the game ought to be altered regarding the political highlights by and large. The vote based system of the game was fun as well. In any case, creation of the game was somewhat harder than I anticipated. The players were completely engaged with the fun with cooperation of governmental issues and majority rule government of the nation. This game produces fun just as information to the players. End: In this way accordingly, the definitive piece of the game incorporates the game incorporates the delayed consequences and the criticism in the wake of playing the game. The game maintained the elements included with the governmental issues and the majority rule components of the general public. Accordingly discusses a thought the great legislative issues. The players could recognize the great and the terrible governmental issues too. In this manner the game additionally passes on the message of the awful impacts of defying guideline of the general public and the sole obligations of the government officials towards the improvement of Australia explicitly. This game includes either winning or losing, however interestingly, the players would play equitably and endure the requital that the player welcomed on herself. Hence, it might be inferred this made in provided with different viewpoints and subjects of the general public. These estimations of the general public are to be loved and e xamined to draw out the ordinary situation of the general public (Berland et al. 2012). References: Berland, M. also, Lee, V.R., 2012. Community key table games as a site for disseminated computational thinking.Developments in Current Game-Based Learning Design and Deployment, p.285. Birdwell, J., Scott, R. also, Horley, E., 2013. Dynamic citizenship, training and administration learning.Education, Citizenship and Social Justice,8(2), pp.185-199. Lieberman, E.S., Posner, D.N. also, Tsai, L.L., 2014. Does data lead to increasingly dynamic citizenship? Proof from training intercession in provincial Kenya.World Development,60, pp.69-83. Macintyre, D.E., Macintyre and Dianne Elizabeth, 2016.Dice Board Game. U.S. Patent 20,160,136,515. Stewart, T.L., Latu, I.M., Branscombe, N.R., Phillips, N.L. furthermore, Ted Denney, H., 2012. White benefit mindfulness and viability to decrease racial disparity improve White Americans perspectives toward African Americans.Journal of Social Issues,68(1), pp.11-27. Tufekci, Z. furthermore, Wilson, C., 2012. Online life and the choice to take part in political dissent: Observations from Tahrir Square.Journal of Communication,62(2), pp.363-379.

Essay Topic - How to Write an Excellent Essay Topic For Your Ghost Writing Jobs

Essay Topic - How to Write an Excellent Essay Topic For Your Ghost Writing JobsThe ghost writing business is a very interesting one, because it is a combination of several different aspects. You will be allowed to think about something different for your ghost essay topics and if you choose to do this, then you can include something new that may not have been considered by the person you are working with. In the next article I will give you some tips on ghostwriting essay topics that will help you write an excellent essay in no time.The first thing that you will want to take into consideration is what your subject will be and why it is a good topic for your essay topics. Writing an essay for the purpose of an interview or for employment can be easy enough, but what about an essay for an employer? To really make a good impression as a ghost writer, you should be able to find a topic that is interesting to you and be able to relate it to your skills and qualifications. Of course, you w ill need to see if you have these skills, and if you do, then this is just one more way to show them.Next, you will want to pick a general topic and try to narrow down what you are going to cover in your essay topics. What is the main problem that you see employers having? Is it a lack of skills? What is it about the company that they need?There may be some research involved, and you will want to know if this is something that you are interested in doing, or if you will just choose a general topic and skip the research. Another thing to consider is that there are various methods of ghost writing that you can use. For example, you can hire a ghost writer who works for a company and does research for you, or you can hire a ghost writer who will do the research for you.If you are hiring a ghost writer, you should be aware that you will be charged an hourly rate. This is simply because you will be doing all the research and writing all your essays for you. However, if you decide to hire a ghost writer, be sure that you are comfortable with this.If you decide to hire a ghost writer, make sure that you have some ideas or research in mind for the essay topics. A good idea is to think about things that you have read that can help you write an excellent essay for a particular topic. Once you have some ideas, then you can start your research and see what you come up with.Ghost writing will never be easy, but you should know that you have the ability to do this. It will take some time and a lot of research, but if you have the right information and ideas, then you will be able to write an excellent essay topic for whatever topic you choose. Make sure that you are prepared and ready before you begin.

My Personal Experience With Literacy - 1587 Words

Literacy is defined as being literate, that is, being able to read and write in a language. My personal experience with literacy began at an early age, at the age of 4 when I began to sit and read words and letters in the back of my mother’s car. Soon enough, she would bring me a magazine called â€Å"Majed† which, in the 90’s, was a popular magazine. With this, I began even more interested in reading and writing and reviewed every word in the magazine associated with each of the short pictured stories. It was the first memory I deeply recall of literacy and it was what laid the foundation for my personal love of reading and writing. The methodology used for this is an interview. There are three interviews which are analyzed and brought together in the form of a narrative. This narrative serves to better explain the emotions and thoughts that the interviewees had about the idea of literacy. The first interviewee is one of my classmates who was asked a series of questions about literacy. My classmates stated that â€Å"When I was child I use to wrote any words I saw in the newspaper, but just copy the words without knows the meaning. After that my mother saw my, she asks me. Do you know the meaning of this words? I said not, in this day, my mother start to taught me how to read and write.† When asked about which areas were most interesting my classmate stated that they read romantic books, dramas, fantasy books, and history. But it was not always easy for them. My classmate statedShow MoreRelatedLiteracy Is The Way We Identify With And Comprehend The World1523 Words   |  7 PagesLiteracy, in my eyes, is the way we identify with and comprehend the world and the various works of literary value. From the beginning of my existence, I believe my literacy has compounded upon itself to bring me to my present state. I will measure my different literacy stages in parallel with the type of schooling I went through (i.e. elementary, middle, and high school). As my literary power grew, the significance at which it held to me personally, also rose. Therefore, I will be measuring theRead MoreThe Idea Of Sponsors Of Literacy908 Words   |  4 Pagesof Sponsors of Literacy was originally proposed by Deborah Brandt in her 1998 article, â€Å"Sponsors of Literacy.† In her article, she argued that Sponsors of Literacy include people, institutions, and circumstances; they vary based on the person’s experi ences and surroundings. Sponsors of literacy are essential in everyone’s life due to the powerful role they demonstrate on the long run. In my own reading and writing experience, my sponsors of literacy were my childhood memories, my school, and theRead MoreLiterary Practices For The First Big Writing Assignment1156 Words   |  5 Pagesto interview someone and talk about their literacies. My first thought was right along the lines of â€Å"what is the point of this†. I didn’t understand how learning about how someone else established their writing and reading habits would be beneficial to me and my habits. It wasn’t until I started interviewing my partner when I realized the purpose of this paper. My partner, Janae, looked at literacy completely different than me. I was taught to read by my mother when I was 4 years old and was alwaysRead MoreThe Impact Of The Internet On Literacy814 Words   |  4 PagesI created the interpretative part of my projec t with the intent of showing how the internet has improved the literacy of every age group throughout the world. From underdeveloped countries, to extremely modern nations such as Japan, the internet plays a vital role in the development of literacy in humans. My target audience for this research project is the person who thinks that the internet does not effect the literacy rate. I will present my results in an organized research paper, to ensure thatRead MoreReflection About Literacy1263 Words   |  6 PagesThe bridge to literacy is paved with the bricks of admonished concepts, and council. Literacy is simply a human invention to communicate with other humans and as such, requires a sherpa (or multiple) to guide the growing writer to a refined level of effective reading and writing. This â€Å"sponsor of literacy† can be found among all readers and writers. They are the individuals who had nurtured growth in education and formed the bricks of your first step towards liter acy. Through identifying and studyingRead MoreUsing Five Metaphors For Identity Essay1443 Words   |  6 PagesElements of literacy, such as metaphors, are a practical tool to find different perspectives and personal identity. The authors of the research called â€Å"Literacy and Identity: Examining the Metaphors in History and Contemporary Research† review various ways of conceptualizing identity by using five metaphors for identity documented in the identity literature: identity as (1) difference, (2) sense of self/subjectivity, (3) mind or consciousness, (4) narrative, and (5) position. This research was reallyRead MoreThe Value Of Literacy In Reading The River By Mark Twain820 Words   |  4 PagesMark Twain saw the main value of literacy as it was a language that helped him do his job correctly. In his essay â€Å"Reading the River†, Twain explains that in literacy everything is based on instinct when you write, just as he does being a steamboat pilot. When wri ting Twain doesn’t need to think about what to do or say because it’s his second nature. Twain explains in his essay how he feels about the river he works on and how he can tell different conditions on the water by just looking at it orRead MoreMy Literacy Experience1072 Words   |  5 Pages My literacy experience What does it mean knowing how to read and write. I take literacy skill very seriosly that will help me in the future. I know such skills dont come easy, it requires hard work, sleepless night. The reason why I go to school is to make mistakes, correct them and not to repeat them again. I always improve my skills through curiosity to learn something new, not being able to read and write would keep me in a darkness without seeing beautiful things that surround me. I haveRead MoreAnalysis Of Scribner s Article, Scribner756 Words   |  4 PagesUnit one was filled with many different varieties of literacy and different ways the author or narrator discovered them. From Knoblauch to Rose, the ideas of what literacy is and how different literacies can shape an individual’s writing were uncovered. All the text we were assigned can be split into two different groups: scholarly articles and personal narrative. The whole class was thrown for a curve ball when we were assigned Knoblauch for our first assignment. After rereading the material a fewRead MoreLiteracy Is The Key For Future Success Essay948 Words   |  4 PagesLiteracy is the key to future success. We have all heard this clichà ©, but as a future English teacher I passionately believe literacy is the key to success! When students become good readers, the door to a world of information is opened, and I want to see that door open for my students. As an English teacher who would like to work at the middle school level, I know the value of literacy and I hope to promote the best literacy practices in my classroom. This will not be an easy task, as reading

The Crash Of The Great Depression - 880 Words

The stock market is a big part of the world economy. It reflects the way businesses are doing and it affects almost every American household. When the market is up people are happy, when the market is down people are sad. In nineteen ninety-nine when the stock market crashed the great depression was set in motion. When something like that happens it causes people to wonder, what happened and how do we prevent it from happening again. In the year two thousand there was a book written about the crash by Kristen Brennan, she talks about how to prevent another crash and about what caused the first one to take place. The ironic thing is that this book was written eight years before the next big stock market crash. This makes people wonder, are the causes related, if they are how did we not see this coming, and what was the cause of the two thousand and eight crash. There are many similarities and differences between the crash of nineteen twenty -nine and the crash of two thousand and eigh t. In the crash of nineteen twenty-nine one of the major issues was the banks, people were putting purchases on credit and the bank did not get paid back what they were owed. Banks were down fifty percent (Brennan). The banks being down was one of the biggest causes of the stock market crash of nineteen twenty-nine. In nineteen twenty-nine the stock market caused unemployment to rise and for people. â€Å"In recent months, investors anxious to put their own fingers on the pulse of he seeminglyShow MoreRelatedThe Crash Of 1929 : The Great Depression969 Words   |  4 PagesThe Crash of 1929 The 1920’s in America were known as the â€Å"Roaring Twenties.† Americans could all live a life of luxury. Technological advances and new inventions were improving the quality of life in every home. Working class Americans were able to enjoy automobiles, telephones, and new appliances. Banks began to finance these new lavish commodities to citizens using installment plans. No one was deprived the right of living the American dream. However, excessive borrowing, stock speculationRead MoreThe Stock Market Crash Began the Great Depression1202 Words   |  5 Pagescrashed leaving millions without work. The Stock Market’s Crash began the Great Depression and America would reap havoc for many years. The stock market is a great way to buy part of a company gain or loose money depending on how the company is making money buy buying a share. â€Å"The stock market is owning a small piece of the company; the stock market is owning a piece of a business† (Christie 5). Therefore, investing in the stocks is a great idea when prices are high. Furthermore, it is a hardRead MoreThe Stock Market Crash and The Great Depression in the US781 Words   |  4 Pages Stock Market Crash 25 billion dollars lost in 1 day, roughly 25% of the nations population was without a job, and the suicide rate skyrocketed. These are just a few factors that turned the Stock Market Crash of 1929 into the Great Depression, one of the longest and worst economic downturns of that time, according to History.com. 16 million shares were lost at the New York Stock Exchange, eliminating thousands of investors on October 29th, 1929. The Stock Market Crash impacted the United StatesRead MoreThe Wall Street Crash and The Great Depression Essay537 Words   |  3 PagesThe Wall Street Crash and The Great Depression When the stock market collapsed on Wall Street on Tuesday, October 29, 1929, it sent financial markets worldwide into a tailspin with disastrous effects. The German economy was especially vulnerable since it was built out of foreign capital, mostly loans from America and was very dependent on foreign trade. When those loans suddenly came due and when the world market for German exports dried up, the well oiled German industrialRead MoreThe Relationship of The Wall Street Crash and The Great Depression985 Words   |  4 PagesThe Wall Street Crash and The Great Depression In this essay I will be explaining the causes of the Great Depression The Wall Street Crash was the drop in share prices in 1929.The Great Depression was the period in the 1930’s when the USA and other countries like Germany suffered a great deal of poverty i.e. hunger, unemployment, homelessness. Throughout this essay it will be explained how the Wall Street crash was a cause of the Great Depression but it was not theRead MoreThe Great Depression or The Crash of the Stock Market in 19291299 Words   |  5 PagesThe crash of the stock market in 1929 was not the first economic crisis in America, yet it is the one everyone remembers. During this time Americans faced many hardships. The number of poor rapidly increased because of the banking crisis as well as a shortage of jobs which caused the unemployment rate to skyrocket. Countless families were left homeless and children went hungry. Many Americans became hopeless; it seemed like their lives were over. Farmers migrated to Northern cities with their familiesRead MoreThe Great Depression : The Crash, Burn, And Reparation Of The American Economy1053 Words   |  5 PagesECO2013 2 February 2017 The Great Depression: The Crash, Burn, and Reparation of the American Economy Imagine that you received a huge bonus from your occupation that compensates almost $50,000 a year. You go to your bank to cash your paycheck, only to have the bank clerk disclose that they do not have your money. The financial institution went belly up, losing all the money within it because of external sources. This paper discusses the reason behind the Great Depression and distinct policies generatedRead MoreThe Great Depression Was Caused By The Stock Market Crash996 Words   |  4 PagesThe Great Depression was the deepest and longest-lasting economic downturn in the history of the Western industrialized world. Many people believe that the great depression was caused by the stock market crash, this is not the case. The stock market crash revealed the structural flaws in the economy, but it did not cause the depression; it was merely one of its many symptoms. A healthy economy can recover from such a contraction. There were several other factors that contributed to the onset ofRead MoreEssay on Stock Market Crash as the Cause of the Great Depression1211 Words   |  5 PagesWhat Was the Exact Cause Of The Great Depression? The United States Great Depression leads many people to believe different stories about what actually caused it. The Stock Market Crash in October of 1929 is often referred to as the beginning of the Great Depression, but did it actually cause it? The answer is that it was the spark that lit the flame of the Great Depression. The Great depression was a financial decline that started in 1929 and lasted through most of the 1930s. Its pinpoint wasRead MoreThe Great Depression : A Worldwide Economic Downfall That Was Preceded By The Stock Market Crash Of 19291356 Words   |  6 PagesThe Great Depression was a worldwide economic downfall that was preceded by the Stock Market Crash of 1929. The timing of when the event hit countries varied; for some it started in 1929 following the Stock Market Crash and for others didn’t begin until 1930 and lasted until the late 1930’s or early to middle 1940’s. It was the longest and most severe economic depression up to it’s time. The Great Depression affected many businesses, homes, families, people, and investors. During the 1920’s The

An Analysis of the Short Story Stolpestad free essay sample

It is nearing the end of his shift when he gets the call to go help a kid with his dog. It turns out the dog is sick or injured and needs to be put down. Stolpestads state of mind is expressed as he is driving to go help the kid: â€Å"Just a calm quiet spin around to this kid and his dog, back to all the turns you were born, your whole life spend along the same sad streets† (ll. 10-11). Stolpestad reminds himself of how miserable he thinks his life is, living in the same boring streets where he has lived all his life, doing a job he seems to find very tedious. The repetitiveness of his life gets portrayed again as he arrives at the scene, he seems to know everything that is going to happen next, as if he has done it a million times before: â€Å"She’ll ask you if you’d like some water or lemonade, if you’d like to sit a minute, and you’ll thank her and say no and shift your weight from one leg to the other† (ll. We will write a custom essay sample on An Analysis of the Short Story Stolpestad or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 58-60). Stolpestad eventually decides to put the dog down with his own personal pistol so he will not have to do any paperwork. He also decides not to shoot it in the brain, but in the neck by the collar so the wound will not be as visible. All this seems as if he is trying to make his job as easy as possible, by choosing not to do paperwork, and to shoot it in a less visible place so he does not make the owners mad. This eventually turns out to be a bad idea, and the consequences of this unhealthy state of mind are shown as he comes home from work, after having already visited the local bar (and lied about it to his wife). At his front porch is the kid and his father who tells him that they found the dog to still be alive when they wanted to bury it, hours after Stolpestad had shot it. At this point Stolpestad realizes that he cannot go on living a tedious life of repetitiveness and failures, and decides to escape from it all, possibly by suicide: â€Å"Wavering as you back away from the porch †¦ away until you’re gone at the edge of the woods, a piece of dark within the dark† (ll. 161-162). The ending is very open for interpretation, but suicide seems like a plausible explanation. The author uses many devices to express the state of mind of Stolpestad, one of those devices being the narrative technique. The story is told in a very unusual narrative. It is told in a second person point of view; it is written as if Stolpestad is the reader: â€Å"this is your life, Stolpestad† (l. 5). By referring to Stolpestad as ‘you’, the author makes the reader put himself in Stolpestad’s shoes, and thereby feel more connected to his feelings as they are portrayed in the story. Furthermore the story is also written in a very slow and monotone pace. One of the ways this is done is by using parataxis throughout the entire text, and also using -ing form very often: â€Å"Presses himself to her side, catches his breath, his eyes going from you to your uniform, your duty belt, the mother†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (ll. 8-19). In this sentence we see both the parataxis and the -ing form being used, we also see the author being very descriptive, and this again adds to the very slow pace of the text. The intention of this slow and descriptive pace is to add to how repetitive and boring Stolpestad seems to find his life. Another crucial component of the text is the setting. As I have said before, Stolpestad lives and works in the same city, even the same neighbourhood, where he has lived his entire life. The city is, like everything else in the story, described as very repetitive and as a place Stolpestad knows in and out, just like he seems to know everything else that is about to happen. The laziness and despair that is present with Stolpestad also seems to be present with other inhabitants of the city. When he arrived by the kid’s house, he found their backyard to be full of garbage, old tires, bottles, paint cans etc. and the grass has not been cut and is very tall, as if the owners did not bother to make their home look presentable. This further underlines how everything around Stolpestad seems to reek of resignation. The weather too is a bland middle-thing between sunny and rainy: â€Å"†¦ sun never breaking through the clouds, clouds never breaking into rain† (ll. 2-3), this pretty much sums up the mood of the story; Stolpestad is tired of his boring and repetitive life of misery and mistakes. This brings me to the message of the story. The message is tied together with the mood of the story, and Stolpestads reaction to what happened with the dog. We are many times directly told that Stolpestad hates living like he does, but despite of this he has done nothing to change his ways. The message of the story is that you have to be the change you want to see in your life. Stolpestad has had many years to figure out that he is miserable doing the same thing day in and day out, since he has done it for his entire life. What we see in the end of the story is that Stolpestad has reached his tipping point. He has experienced one too many disappointments in his life, and decides to make an end to it, exactly how he does this is up to the reader. Stolpestad is a man in need of change, everything he does feels dull and repetitive, and when he makes a very critical mistake during his job, he finally reaches his tipping point. The state of mind that Stolpestad is in gets expressed in the text through both the narrative technique and the setting. The text is very slow and descriptive, which clarifies Stolpestads feeling about his life. The setting is a city full of the same boring apartments and streets everywhere you look, and the weather is also cloudy and boring. The clear message of the story is that you have to be the change you want to see in your life, you cannot let the bad things in your life take control.

The Colonization Of Stevens Essays - Literature,

The Colonization Of Stevens The Colonization of Stevens In the year 1954, two years prior to the setting of Ishiguros The Remains of the Day, the Suez canal was returned once again to the government of Egypt putting an abrupt end to the English imperialism and colonialism that had extended throughout centuries. The Remains of the Day by Kazuo Ishiguro serves as a conceit for the rejection of the British Empire by its colonized subjects. Much like the narrator of the novel, Stevens, personifies the dynasty of the British Empire, his realization of the extensive price his dignity has cost him symbolizes the colonial subjects realization that their freedom was bought at a price as well. By succumbing to his dignity, Stevens, the great English butler also loses much of his self-rule, as did the colonies of the Empire. The subjects of these colonies were led to believe that their voices were heard and valued, as in a democracy, but once acquired the English Parliament paid little attention to the citizens other than as means to a profit. Just as the colonies realized the extent of their dependency on the British Empire, Stevens too realizes the impact of placing his whole existence into the misguided hands of Lord Darlington. Stevens finally admits the foolishness of his devotion to Darlington, a devotion that cost him much of his life. Lord Darlington wasnt a bad man. He wasnt a bad man at all. And at least he had the priviledge of being able to say at the end of his life that he made his own mistakes. His lordship was a courageous man. He chose a certain path in life, it proved to be a misguided one, but there, he chose it, he can say that at least. As for myself, I cannot even claim that. You see, I trusted. I trusted in his lordships wisdom. All those years I served him, I trusted I was doing something worthwhile. I cant even say I made my own mistakes. Really- one has to ask oneself- what dignity is there in that? (p. 201) Stevens believed in the end that he had made his life a waste by placing it in the hands of his social betters. He was engulfed in a system of hierarchy that, in the end, forgot about him completely. He does not define himself outside the boundaries of his subordinate position of Lord Darlington and, just as the territories of the British Empire, he finds himself colonized and unable to change. The hierarchy, which brings dignity, is the very same system that strips autonomy from its subjects. English Essays

Julian Abele

Julian Abele Julian Abele (born April 29, 1881 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, according to the University of Pennsylvania University Archives and Records Center) is best known in Durham, North Carolina as the architect of the Duke University campus. The story of Julian Francis Abele is not rags-to-riches but a tale of hard work and dedication. In college Abele called himself Willing and Able. A brilliant and accomplished student, Abele became the first Black graduate of the University of Pennsylvanias School of Architecture. Although not Americas first architect of color, Julian Abele was one of the first prominent Black architects in America, finding success with the Philadelphia architecture firm led by Horace Trumbauer. The Duke University Chapel may be Abeles most famous building. Died: April 23, 1950 in Philadelphia Education, Training, and Professional Life: Institute for Colored Youth and Brown Preparatory School, Philadelphia1898: Pennsylvania Museum and School of Industrial Art1902: B.A. in Arch. - University of Pennsylvania1902-1903: Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts; worked for Philadelphia architect Louis C. Hickman while in school1903-1905: traveled to Western US, worked on a house for his sisters family, Elizabeth Rebecca Abele Cookcirca 1905: three years of travel in Europe and study in France1906: began work for Horace Trumbauer; became chief designer in 1909 until Trumbauers death in 1938. The Office of Horace Trumbauer continued under the leadership of its principals, Julian Abele and William O. Frank1942: Admitted to the American Institute of Architects (AIA) Notable Buildings as Trumbauers Chief Designer: 1909-1912: James Buchanan Duke House, New York Cityc. 1912: Frank P. Mitchell house (Argentine Embassy), Washington, DC1915: Miramar (The George D. Widener Cottage), Newport, RI1915: Widener Library, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA1921: Whitemarsh Hall, Chestnut Hill, Pennsylvania1925: Philadelphia Museum of Art, Philadelphia, PA1927: Central Library, Free Library of Philadelphia, PA1928: James B. Clews Residence, Long Island, NY1930: Perkins Library, Duke University West Campus, Durham, North Carolina1935: Duke University Chapel, West Campus, Durham, North Carolina1938: Duke University Dormitories, West Campus, Durham, NC1940: Cameron Indoor Stadium, Duke University West Campus, Durham, NC At the turn of the twentieth century, many American architects made a good living building Great Homes of the Gilded Age. Horace Trumbauers commission to build a New York City estate for tobacco tycoon James B. Duke really paid off with the much larger projects at Duke University, where Julian Abele made his mark in architecture. Personal Life: 1925: Married to Marguerite Bulle, a French musician; three children, Julian, Jr., Marguerite Marie (died in childhood), and Nadia Boulanger. The marriage dissolved by 1936 when the younger Marguerite became involved with another musician. They never divorced.Julian, Jr. and Abeles sisters child, Julian Abele Cook (1904 - 1986), both became architects Duke University Architecture: In 1892 Trinity College moved 70 miles east to Durham, North Carolina and the Duke family began funding campus building. By 1924, the Duke Endowment was established and Trinity College transformed into Duke University. The original East Campus was renovated with Georgian-style buildings, after the Collegiate Georgian Architecture popular at other universities. Beginning in 1927 a West Campus was added, built in a Gothic-revival architectural style also popular at large, established Ivy League institutions. Architecture was used to bring students, faculty, and prestige to the new Duke institution - if it looked like a university, it must be one. The Philadelphia architecture firm led by Horace Trumbauer began the transformation of Trinity into Duke. Trumbauers head designer Julian Abele, along with William O. Frank, tackled the Duke projects from 1924 to 1958. The pià ¨ce de rà ©sistance of Abeles designs is the iconic Duke Chapel, which became the centerpiece of the West Campus. Collegiate Gothic style is a revival of 12th century Gothic architecture, with soaring ceilings, pointed arches, and flying buttresses. For Dukes Chapel, begun in 1930, Abele employed modern building techniques and materials to eliminate the need to buttress the walls. Steel trusses and structural Guastavino ceramic tile gave strength to the 210 foot structure, while local volcanic Hillsborough bluestone distinguished the distinctive facade of the neo-Gothic design. The Chapel tower, modeled after Englands Canterbury Cathedral, became a prototype for many of the future towers of Duke University. Olmsted landscape architects, from the prestigious firm founded by Frederick Law Olmsted, were employed to create a walkable campus, connecting the architecture with the surrounding natural beauty. If the intent of Duke was to rival the great universities of the northeast, this twentieth century campus, designed in part by a prominent Black architect, accomplished the task. In the Words of Julian Abele: The shadows are all mine. - commenting on the unsigned architectural drawings for the Gothic Revival Duke University Chapel, Duke University Archives Learn More: Out of the Shadows by Susan E. Tifft, Smithsonian Magazine, February 2005Philadelphia Area Architecture of Horace Trumbauer (Images of America) by Rachel Hildebrandt and the Old York Road Historical Society, 2009American Splendor: The Residential Architecture of Horace Trumbauer by Michael C. Kathrens, rev. 2012Duke University: An Architectural Tour by John M. Bryan, 2000Duke University: An Architectural Tour (The Campus Guide) by Ken Friedlein and John Pearce, 2015Friends of Julian Abele Park, Philadelphia, PA Sources: Penn Biographies, University of Pennsylvania University Archives and Records Center; Julian F. Abele, Architect, Free Library of Philadelphia; Biography and Projects from the American Architects and Buildings database, The Athenaeum of Philadelphia; Dukes Architecture, Office of the University Architect, Duke University; Black U.S. Architect Designed a Bond with Argentina, IIP Digital, Bureau of International Information Programs, U.S. Department of State; Frank P. Mitchell House, African American Historic Places Database, National Trust for Historic Preservation; History, The Building at http://chapel.duke.edu/history/building, Duke University Chapel. Websites accessed April 3-4, 2014.

Black Vision Essay Research Paper Ralph Ellison

Black Vision Essay, Research Paper Ralph Ellison was born in Okalahoma, March 1, 1914 he was the grandson of black slaves in the South. His life was full of achievement he attended Tuskegee University from 1933-1936. In 1936 he moved to New York where he met the novelist Richard Wright, and subsequently became associated with the Federal Writer? s undertaking. Ellison achieved international celebrity with his release of? Invisible Man? in 1952 in the undermentioned twelvemonth the novel won the national book award. Ralph Ellison passed off in 1994, but he left behind him a bequest of African American civilization that many had non seen earlier. In many of Ellison? s works he writes about the Black image in America, or the? black vision? . Ralph Ellison? s black vision humiliates the black race, makes them experience inferior, segregates them, but still Ellison has hope for America, and he believes that the black race should cover with the? black vision? independently. This is best proven by the short narrative? Flying Home? , a critical essay written on Ellison, and a powerful statement given by Ralph Ellison. The affecting short narrative? Flying Home? is the narrative of an injured black pilot who lies on the land in physical hurting, as he deals with the hurting of deriving credence in a white society. Todd expresses his feelings on siting the old black adult male? s ox into town in this extract: ? Yes, and humiliation was when you could neer be merely yourself, when you were ever portion of this black ignorant adult male? 1 Ellison expresses here through the pilot that white America will neer be accepting of inkinesss. Blacks are viewed as being on a lower platform, while the Whites hold some type of high quality over them. Todd does non desire to be associated with the old adult male because the old adult male represents to Tom all that is incorrect with Black America. He is non good educated, hapless, and speaks ill ; Tom sees this as the g round why inkinesss are non genuinely accepted into society. Therefore he refuses to be associated with him in anyhow giving the medical assistance he genuinely needs. Another ground Todd does non wish to sit into town is he does non wish to be recognized for his defect. Todd feels that when he makes a error a white individual will non keep it against merely him, but instead his full race. Therefore Todd and the remainder of black America can neer have true equality because of the nescient attitudes of the white people. Through? Flying place? Ellison shows the rough universe of the? black vision? of America. Todd is Ellis on? s tool for depicting the black vision of America. Furthermore? Flying Home? and a critical essay on Ellison prove that although the vision of inkinesss in America is unfair, it is something that Ellison thought African Americans must cover with. A critic of Ralph Ellison? s work Ernest Kaiser wrote an essay called? Negro Images in American Writing? . In this essay Kaiser writes? To Ellison Negro life in America is simply portion of the general human status of western adult male to be mastered separately by each Negro as a adult male. ? 2 In this review of Ellison? s? black vision. ? Kaiser clearly states Ellison? s position on the adversities of black life in America. Ellison best represents the ideals of the? black vision? in? Flying Home? . In one peculiar scene where the old black adult male describes his vision of Eden is really symbolic of the? black vision? . ? There I was sho? but they tole me I better come down cuz us colored folks had to have on a particular type of harness when we flew. That was how come they wasn? T wingi ng. Oh yes an you had to be excess strong to wing with one of them harnesses. ? 3 When the old black adult male goes to heaven he sprouts wings, but is supposed to utilize them with a harness. This is symbolic of Ellison? s? black vision? , and how a black individual must larn to cover with battle. To wing with a harness a black adult male must hold excess strength. Just as on Earth for a Blackman to digest the? black vision? in America a black adult male must be mentally strong, must hold great endurance, to set up with the battles of humbleness, stereotypes, and dual criterions placed upon their shoulders. Ernest Kaiser clearly states the fact that Ellison believes the? black vision? should be dealt with on an single degree. Ellison proves this in the short narrative? Flying Home? Although Ellison? s? black vision? is mostly seen in? Flying Home? , Ellison still remains optimistic about America in general. Ellison is ounce quoted stating? If the universe has potency to resuscitate and do us free, it besides has the power to blind, imprison, and destroy. ? 4 Ellison believes that the universe including America is capable of fantastic things. At the same clip it is besides capable of all the things the black vision has accomplished. The? black vision? embarrasses the black American society, it is degrading, and condescending towards inkinesss, but Ellison supports that the black race trade with the issue themselves, and maintains a positive attitude for hope of get rid ofing racism. 320

Strategic management on JJB Sports Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Strategic management on JJB Sports - Essay Example Against this background, this paper has been designed to identify the strategic change initiative that can be implemented by JJB Sports in order to revitalise its operations that have dipped as a result of the above mentioned factors. Changes are necessary for businesses so that they can gain competitive advantage over other rival competitors. This will also help the company to grab a large market share which can contribute to its viability in the long run. Why change is necessary for JJB Sports The digital competitive environment of 2013 makes it imperative for all organizations that are concerned about their survival to implement certain changes in their operations. In order to keep pace with the changes obtaining in the environment in which an organization operates, it is important to implement certain changes that can be aligned to the current business strategy. The use of new information and communication technology has significantly improved the operations of any business durin g the contemporary period. Therefore, any company that is concerned about its success should harness this new digital marketing and communication strategy. Change is also necessary given that the company will be able to attract more customers since the bulk of business is conducted through the internet during the contemporary period. Many organizations are shifting from traditional to digital marketing practices since the bulk of business is done online during the current period. In this case, JJB Sports should adopt a brick and click strategy in its operations. According to Bricks & Clicks (2013), this strategy integrates both traditional marketing strategies as well as digital marketing communication strategies and it focuses on different lines of business. The advantage of the traditional marketing strategy is that the organization is in a better position to retain its old customers while the use of digital communication will help to improve the efficiency of the organization in its operations. The company’s effectiveness can also be enhanced through the use of new information and technology since it will be in a position to process information at a faster rate. The advantage of new information and communication technology is that it can process large volumes of information at higher speed than information that is manually processed. The other advantage is that it is cost effective compared to other forms of communication. The company can also be in a position to reach a wide range of people through the use of the internet given that it is accessible to people in different geographical locations. Another important consideration for JJB Sports is that it should use aggressive marketing strategies that are aided by new information and communication technology in order to be in a position to gain competitive advantage. The organization ought to realign itself to the needs of the external environment and evaluate the possible outcome of the strategic cha nge programme implemented. There are different strategic management theories that can be used to shape the strategy for the organization. This section of the paper discusses

Enterprise Knowledge Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Enterprise Knowledge Management - Essay Example At the onset, this may appear to be ordinary and nothing to be astounded about. But if one starts to look at the underlying principles that govern and control the global community, one will see that its inception and coming to be is maintained and harnessed, even made possible, by the fast phase changes and developments in the field of technology. Being such, it has been perceived that if one is to appraise technological advancement as progressing in such an accelerated rate wherein one may get lost in midst of rapid technological changes, one has not to loss hope. Though, confusing and baffling it may seem the beauty of technology lies on the fact that with the availability and accessibility of knowledge and information, nobody ought to be left behind. Instead everybody can become a partaker and sharer in the highway of knowledge. If global economy is that which defines the world market, the easy access to information has been made feasible by the presence of Internet. Internet is basically the tool with which â€Å"access to the content and services preferred by one organization† (Housel and Bell, 2001, p 114) is opened and made within reach for those individual person and organizations who may want to know and be informed. By itself, it can be claimed that Internet, being part of the developments in modern technology, is in effect a lot of help to all its users. Students by merely surfing the net can find articles and books that he/she may need for researches or for examinations. A housewife going over the services offered in the Internet will no longer have to go to the tiring routine of going to all the banks for the payments and visiting the supermarkets for the groceries. Since, at the mere push of the keyboard of the computer one can, via Internet, shop and pay all the utility bills, thus, unbur dening humanity of some basic concerns. One can itemize benefit per benefit the gains that we can derived from the Internet. Though, it cannot be

Book Review of People of the Three Fires Essay -- Essays Papers

Book Review of People of the Three Fires The book, People of the Three Fires, is written by three different people each describing a tribe in detail.The book is very well written and relatively easy to understand. It is informative and was written to be used as a teaching tool for schools. The book discusses the relationship between the groups that lived in Michigan and surrounding areas. James M. McClurken writes the first section, which deals with the Ottawa people. McClurken tells about the Ottawa peoples’ relationship with the environment they lived in and how they adapted to change when contacted by Europeans. One thing I found interesting about the Ottawa is their beliefs. The Ottawa believed in respect for the individual. Their leaders represented the people much like our elected officials represent us when a decision is needed for the whole of the country. They are in tune with nature and consider the earth and animals part of their family, addressing them with â€Å"father,† â€Å"mother,† â€Å"brother,† â€Å"sister.† The Ottawa’s also amazed me at their ability to believe in the supernatural, the spirits that told what sickness a person has and the healing power of the firewalkers is a leap of faith. I am always amazed that people survived without Advil and Tums, and they didn’t just survived they thrived! The Ottawa were great traders, in fact they traded all over northern Michigan. A surprising fact I read in the section was of the fleecing of the Indian...

Hydraulics and Hydrology Lec

48362 – HYDRAULICS and HYDROLOGY James E Ball – Hydrology Component SUBJECT DETAILS 1 CONTACTS ? Assoc Prof James Ball ? ? ? james. [email  protected] edu. au ph – 9514 2623 Office Hours ? ? Monday 2:00 – 4:00pm Contact by email for appointment SUBJECT CONCEPT The objective of this component of the subject is: ? Introduce engineering hydrology; ? Introduce hydrological processes; ? Introduce flood estimation; and ? Introduce engineering hydrology applications in water resources management. 2 SUBJECT CONCEPT This introduction is aimed at: ? Providing an ability to apply commonly used methods in hydrology; and ?Provide an understanding of the theory behind these methods. REFERENCES Three references that may be useful are ? Applied Hydrology – Chow, Maidment & Mays, McGraw-Hill Book Co. ? Hydrology An Australian Introduction – Ladson, Oxford University Press ? Australian Rainfall & Runoff – A Guide to Flood Estimation – Engineers Australia No published Course Notes are available for this subject. 3 SUBJECT DOCUMENTS UTS-Online will be used for distribution of ? Copies of lecture slides; ? Reading material; and ? Tutorial problems. Students should note that additional reference books may be noted in the lecture slides.LECTURE STRUCTURE Each Hydrology lecture period will comprise: ? 2 hour lecture; and ? 1 hour tutorial. It is expected that students will have accessed the lecture slides, reading material and tutorials prior to the lecture period. 4 SUBJECT TIMETABLE Date Topic 27 February Hydrology and Water Resources 5 March Meteorology 12 March Hydrologic Data 19 March Surface Water 27 March Storm Runoff 2 April Hydrologic Design 9 April Design Rainfall 1 May Peak Flow Estimation 7 May Hydrograph Estimation – Part 1 13 May Hydrograph Estimation – Part 2 14 May Environmental Flows 21 May Water Sensitive Urban Design 4 JuneCourse Review HYDROLOGIC CYCLE Lecture 1 5 CONTENT ? Introduction to Hydr ology ? Development of Hydrology ? Hydrologic Cycle ? Australian Hydrology INTRODUCTION 6 DEFINITION OF HYDROLOGY Greek word: Hydor => water & ology => study of Hydraulics comes from Greek word hydraulikos which in turn comes from hydor (Greek for water) and aulos (meaning pipe). DEFINITION OF HYDROLOGY UNESCO (1979)1 defines hydrology as â€Å"the physical science which treats the waters of the Earth, their Occurrence, Circulation and Distribution, their Chemical and Physical Properties, and their Reaction with the Environment†. UNESCO, (1979), Impact of urbanisation and industrialisation on water resources planning and management, Studies and Reports in Hydrology, UNESCO, UNESCO, Paris. 7 WATER Water is essential for maintenance of life. Early civilisations were concentrated on rivers ? ? establishment of settlements near rivers analogous to looking for signs of water on Mars Management of water is multi-disciplinary; many professions are involved. WATER Variety of problems encountered include ? Flood mitigation ? Sanitary sewer systems ? Land drainage ? Water Supply ? Culvert and bridge design ? Environmental Flows ? Erosion ?Mine tailings ? Drought ? Adaptation to climate change ? Irrigation systems ? Hydro-electric and power generation ? Stormwater systems 8 RURAL FLOODING URBAN FLOODS 9 STORMWATER STRUCTURES STORMWATER DRAINS 10 WATER SUPPLY HYDRO-ELECTRIC POWER 11 IRRIGATION SCHEMES DROUGHT 12 DEVELOPMENT OF HYDROLOGY Ancient civilisations were integrated with their river valleys. Examples are ? ? ? ? ? Egyptian Civilisations and the Nile Valley Mesopotamian Civilisations and the TigrisEuphrates Indian Civilisations and the Indus Valley Ancient China and the Yellow River Andean Civilisations and Coastal Peru DEVELOPMENT OF HYDROLOGYMany of structures from early civilisations are still in operation. Large scale irrigation and drainage works were associated with these civilisations. Earliest recorded dam is about 2900BC (the Sadd Al-Kafara at Wadi Al-Garawi, 25km south of Cairo) Used for both flood protection and irrigation. Also site of earliest known dam failure. 13 DEVELOPMENT OF HYDROLOGY Oldest surviving dam in the world is the Grand Anicut Dam on the Kaveri River in Southern India. This structue dates back to 2nd Century AD. DEVELOPMENT OF HYDROLOGY Water supply to Ancient Rome has been estimated as being approx 500L/c/d.Current water supply requirements are ? ? ? Australian cities, design – approx. 430L/c/d Australian cities, actual – approx. 230L/c/d US cities, design – approx 600L/c/d Drainage structures (such as the Cloaca Maxima) from Ancient Rome are still being used today. 14 ANCIENT ROMANS Cloaca maxima Bath, UK AQUEDUCTS Pont du Gard, France c19 BC Hampi, India 1st century AD 15 DEVELOPMENT OF HYDROLOGY Flood protection has been practiced for thousands of years along the Yellow and Yangtze Rivers. It remains an issue of concern in these areas to the current day. DEVELOPMENT OF HYDROLOGY Wat er has been of interest for many years.Ancient Greek and Roman philosophers speculated on a hydrologic cycle – Homer, Plato, Aristotle, Lucretius, Seneca, Pliny. This cycle was developed from their observations of water in their environment. Use of observations remains a fundamental component of current hydrologic applications and research. 16 DEVELOPMENT OF HYDROLOGY Chinese recorded observations of rain ? ? ? An-yang oracle bones as early as 1200BC; Used rain gauges around 1000BC; and Established systematic records about 200BC. Indian records date back to 400BC. DEVELOPMENT OF HYDROLOGY Scientific development of hydrology occurred uring the Renaissance period. Examples are ? ? ? Leonardo da Vinci – velocity distributions in streams. Bernard Palissy – springs originated from rainfall. Pierre Perrault – runoff is a fraction of rainfall. 17 DEVELOPMENT OF HYDROLOGY Other contributions during this period were made by ? ? ? ? ? Galileo Newton Bernoulli Euler Lagrange DEVELOPMENT OF HYDROLOGY Significant scientific development occurred in the 19th Century when ? ? ? ? ? Dalton proposed the principle of evaporation. Hagen-Poiseuille described capillary flow. Mulvaney developed the Rational method. Darcy described mathematically porous media low. Rippl developed methods for determining storage requirements. 18 DEVELOPMENT OF HYDROLOGY 20th Century saw rapid development of quantitative hydrology. Biggest influence during this period was the development of the digital computer and the development of catchment modelling systems. Limitation now is data availability rather than calculation capacity. HYDROLOGIC CYCLE 19 HYDROLOGICAL CYCLE One of the fundamental cycles of nature. Basis for the science of hydrology. Important points ? ? ? ? Cycle has no start and no end. Cycle is continuous. Flow of water in the cycle is not continuous.Water moves erratically through the cycle. HYDROLOGICAL CYCLE 20 HYDROLOGICAL CYCLE HYDROLOGICAL CYCLE 21 HYDROL OGICAL CYCLE HYDROLOGICAL CYCLE General components of the cycle are ? Atmospheric Water ? Surface Water ? Ground Water In analysis of water resource problems, these components are treated with a systems approach. 22 SYSTEMS CONCEPT A systems concept is applied when considering the hydrological cycle or some component thereof. This is consistent with the reductionist concept used in many engineering problems. SYSTEMS CONCEPT The reductionist philosophy is based on reducing the system to a number of smaller omponents. The response of the system then is determined from summation of the responses of the individual components. 23 SYSTEMS CONCEPT WATER BALANCE 24 WATER BALANCE Amount of water does not change. Where it may be found does change. Water maybe found in the seas and oceans, in the atmosphere, on the surface, below the surface, and in biological systems. WATER BALANCE ITEM Oceans Polar Ice Groundwater Lakes Soil Moisture Atmospheric Water Rivers Biological Water ?Water VOLUME (k m3) % TOTAL WATER 1. 338 x 109 96. 5 24. 0 x 106 1. 7 23. 4 x 106 1. 69 187. 9 x 103 0. 0138 16. 5 x 103 0. 0012 12. 9 x 103 . 001 2. 1 x 103 0. 0002 1. 1 x 103 0. 0001 1. 386 x 109 100. 0 UNESCO, 1978 – ref 11, ladson ch1 25 WATER BALANCE Not all water is freshwater. Only approx 2. 5% of the water is fresh water – water in the oceans and some lake water and ground water is saline. Considering only fresh water, the values in the previous table are modified to WATER BALANCE UNESCO, 1978 ITEM VOLUME (km3) % TOTAL WATER Polar Ice 24. 0 x 106 68. 6 Groundwater 23. 4 x 106 30. 1 103 0. 26 Soil Moisture 16. 5 x 103 0. 05 Atmospheric Water 103 0. 04 Rivers 2. 1 x 103 0. 006 Biological Water 1. 1 x 103 0. 003 Fresh Water 35. 0 x 106 00. 0 Lakes 187. 9 x 12. 9 x 26 WATER BALANCE Basis of any volume based problem is a water balance. This is a usage of the concept of continuity. In general, application of continuity gives in volume terms Inflow – Outflow = Change in Stora ge (? S) And in flux terms Qi – Qo = ? S / ? t WATER BALANCE Components of inflow for a water body such as a lake or reservoir are ? Precipitation (P) ? Inflow from rivers or groundwater (I) 27 WATER BALANCE Components of outflow for a water body such as a lake or reservoir are ? Evapo-transpiration (ET); ? Outflows – Extractions, Downstream flows, (O); and ? Seepage (G)WATER BALANCE Hence the water balance for a water body is P + I – O – ET – G = ? S 28 WATER FLOWS While the volume of water in a source is important, the flux of water through a component is important also. An indication of the flux can be obtained from the diagram of the hydrological cycle. WATER FLOWS The Global Annual Water Balance is shown on in units relative to the annual volume of precipitation on land masses. Note that this is a flow rate (km3/yr). 29 WATER FLOWS ? Precipitation ? ? ? ? Land – 119,000 km3/yr (800mm/yr) Ocean – 458,000 km3/yr (1270mm/yr) Total à ¢â‚¬â€œ 577,000 km3/yr Evaporation ? ? ?Land – 72,000 km3/yr (484mm/yr) Ocean – 505,000 km3/yr (1400mm/yr) Total – 577,000 km3/yr WATER FLOWS ? Runoff to Oceans ? ? ? Rivers – 44,700 km3/yr Groundwater – 2,200 km3/yr Total Runoff – 47,000 km3/yr (316mm/yr) 30 WATER FLOWS Considering the volume and flux gives the mean residence times in a particular source. The mean residence time for atmospheric water is obtained by dividing the volume (S) of water in the atmosphere by the flux (Q), ie TR ? S 12,900 ? ? 0. 022 yr ? 8. 2days Q 577,000 WATER FLOWS ITEM Oceans Polar Ice & Glaciers Groundwater Lakes Soil Moisture Rivers Atmosphere Biological WaterTR 2600 years 1100 years 700 years 13 years 155 days 13 days 8. 2 days 3. 4 days 31 AUSTRALIAN CLIMATE AUSTRALIAN CLIMATE â€Å"†¦of droughts and flooding rains† 32 RIVER RUNOFF Australia has low runoff per unit area (average depth of surface runoff). Also, Australian runoff has greater vari ability due to lack of snow melt period. RAINFALL COMPARISON Variability of Annual rainfall 20 18 Coefficient (%) 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 A ustralia S. A frica Germany France NZ India UK Canada China USA Russia Country 33 AUSTRALIAN CLIMATE CLIMATE CLASSIFICATIONS Marked wet summer and dry winter of northern Australia.Wet summer and low winter rainfall of southeast QLD and northeast NSW. Uniform rainfall in southeast Australia. Wet winter and dry summer of southwest WA and parts of the southeast. Arid area comprising about half of the continent More on BoM website 34 AUSTRALIAN RAINFALL Pluviometer Network Daily Read Network PRECIPITATION 35 AUSTRALIAN RAINFALL City Average Annual Rainfall (mm) Average Number of Rain Days Darwin 1714 111 Sydney 1217 138 Brisbane 1149 122 Perth 786 114 Melbourne 653 147 Canberra 623 105 Hobart 569 135 Adelaide 530 121 Alice Springs 279 31 After Ladson, 2008 AUSTRALIAN CONDITIONSAustralian rainfall is influenced by general circulation patterns. Most of Australia is around 30o latitude which tend to be areas of descending air. Note – that the solar equator moves during the year. 36 AUST. CLIMATE VARIABILITY Known major causes Approximate time scale Effect Synoptic weather patterns Day / week â€Å"Weather† Southern Annular Mode Weeks +ve phase => winter rainfall deficiencies in southern Australia; summer increases in MDB El Nino / La Nina (Southern Oscillation Index) Inter-annual El nino => lower rainfalls La nina => higher rainfalls Indian Ocean Dipole Inter-annual ve phase => increased rainfall +ve phase => decreased rainfall Inter-decadal Pacific Oscillation Inter-decadal Flip flops between drier and wetter periods e. g. 1st half of 20th century wetter than 2nd half The Australian climate – influences http://www. bom. gov. au/watl/about-weather-and-climate/australian-climate-influences. html 37 The Australian climate – influences The Australian climate – topography 38 Seasonal rainfall variatio n across the country Seasonal rainfall variation across the country Mean rainfall – Katherine mm Mean rainfall – Dubbo mm 240 220 200 180 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 0 0 240 220 200 180 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 J F M A M J J A S O N J D F Mean rainfall – Alice Springs mm M A M J A S O N D Mean rainfall – Sydney mm 240 220 200 180 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 J 240 220 200 180 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O S O N N D Mean rainfall – Perth mm Mean rainfall – Strahan mm 240 220 200 180 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 J F M A M J J A S O N D 240 220 200 180 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 Perth wind rose February J F M A M J J A D Rainfall variability – a comparison Annual rainfall – Birdsville mm 600 400 200 2000 1980 1960Annual rainfall – Bourke mm Annual rainfall – Perth 1940 1920 1900 0 mm 1000 1400 1200 800 1000 600 800 600 400 400 200 200 1980 1960 1940 1920 1900 1980 19 60 1940 1920 1900 1880 1880 0 0 39 NSW annual rainfall time-series New South Wales Annual Rainfall 1000 900 Dry Period: 1900 – 1946 Average Rainfall: 477. 7mm *Dry conditions commenced 1890 Standard Deviation: 90. 4 Wet Period: 1947 – 2000 Average Rainfall: 573. 9mm 20. 1% increase Standard Deviation: 127. 0 800 New Dry 2001/06 439. 5mm 23. 4% decline Rainfall (mm) 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 Year 40

Annotated Bibliography On Unreliable Software - 1764 Words

Unreliable Software Kamberlin King Department of Math, Computer and Information Sciences Mississippi Valley State University Itta Bena, United States of America Kamberlin.King@mvsu.edu Abstract— Reliable software is defined as the probability of failure-fee operation of a software system for a specified time in a specified environment. Unreliable software is defined as the when a software system has failures and faults within its operation. Software is unreliable when a computer program cannot perform their assigned functions in the system’s environment and ends up crashing. Many computer software specialists have been used to thinking that if a program has one or more errors in it, it is 0% reliable; if no errors 100% reliable [3].†¦show more content†¦Fault tolerance was proposed as a technique to allow software to cope with its own faults in a manner reminiscent of the techniques employed in hardware fault tolerance [4]. It is the essential element that is needed for the creation of the next generation of reliable computer systems. Unreliable software is a very important factor that can have a terrible effect on the software’s qual ity and the software’s cost. It also changes the time of software delivery. When the test results of the systems differ the software ends up having a defect. A defect is any significant, unplanned event that occurs during a software test. Keywords- fault tolerance, defect, software, computer system, software errors, and software fault I. INTRODUCTION Reliable software and unreliable software is very important when it comes to computer systems. They both deals with the operation of the computer systems for a specified time. Without software, computers would just be hardware that has no specified purpose. There would never be any output or function for the computer systems because the software is what actually gives the system life. Software is not just used for the â€Å"everyday† computer that we sit down in from of in every day. It is used for multiple things such as pacemakers, airplanes, medical devices, and cellular devices. Unreliable software can cause a loss in various things. It can lead to loss of money, human